BEE COUNTER


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Kits are available for this project from
Talking Electronics for $20.00 plus postage.
Plus you will need:
6pin to 5pin adapter @ $2.50

You will also need:
PIC2 USB Burner
(MPASM and MPLAB come with PIC2)
and it includes USB lead


PIC12F629 Data Sheet (.pdf  4,926KB)
Instruction Set for PIC12F629
blank12F629.asm template

PIC12F629.inc

See more projects using micros:
Elektor,EPE,Silicon Chip

Notepad2.zip     Notepad2.exe 
Library of Sub-routines "Cut and Paste
"
Library of routines:   A-E   E-P    P-Z 

Here are the files you will need:
BeeCounter.asm
BeeCounter-asm.txt
BeeCounter.hex

 

The design for the project comes from a University research scientist.
His requirement was to count the movement of a bee in a tube.

Two sets of Infrared photo-detectors were set up so movement from one end of the tube could be counted when the bee returns to the opposite end of the tube. It's a simple flip-flop or toggle requirement.


Bee Counter on experimenter board


Bee Counter

 
IR Receiver and IR LED (Transmitter)
 

INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE
Set-up the two IR detectors and two IR LEDs (transmitters) so the circuit produces a low-pitched beep when the left detector is interrupted and a high-pitched beep when the right detector is interrupted.

 


 

The CIRCUIT
The circuit is very simple. It is just 2 IR LEDs, two IR receivers a switch to listen to the count (low-tone beeps represent 10's and high-pitched beeps represent 1's) and a piezo diaphragm. All the work is done by the micro. It is powered by 4 AAA cells.

CONSTRUCTION
You can build the circuit on matrix board.
The kit of components comes with all the parts you need to get the project working, including a pre-programmed chip and the matrix board.
To modify the program you will need a PICkit-2 programmer and this comes with 2 CD's containing all the software needed for In-Circuit Programming.
You will also need a lead (comes with PICkit-2) to connect the programmer to your lap top via the USB port and an adapter we call 6pin to 5 pin Adapter to connect the PICkit-2 to your project.

PROGRAMMING THE CHIP
The kit comes with a pre-programmed PIC chip but if you want to program your own chip or modify the program, the .hex file is available as well as the assembly file, so you can see how the program has been written and view the comments for each line of code.
The PIC12F629 is one of the smallest micros in the range but you will be surprised how much can be achieved with such a tiny micro.
The program contains sub-routines to produce delays, sequences on the display and both read and write EEPROM; jobs that require accurate code - including a special sequence - called a handshaking sequence that prevents the EEPROM being written due to glitches. 
Even a program as simple as this is not easy to put together and to assist in this area, we have provided a whole raft of support material.
Not only do we provide a number of programs with full documentation but our approach to programming is simple.
It involves a method of "copy and paste" whereby sub-routines are taken from previously written code and copied into your program. Any modifications are made in very small steps so that each can be tested before adding more code.
This is exactly how we produce a complex project. Each step is written and tested before adding the next step.
This saves a lot of frustration as it is very easy to add a line of code that is incorrect and get an unsuspected result. 
If you follow our suggestions you will buy a programmer ("burner") called a PICkit-2 if you are using a laptop. It is the cheapest and best on the market and comes with a USB cable and 2 CD's containing the programs needed to "burn" the chip. If you are using a desk-top and/or tower with a serial port, you can use a cheaper programmer called MultiChip Programmer from Talking Electronics. You will also need NotePad2 to write your .asm program. This can be downloaded from Talking Electronics website. You will use BeeCounter.asm or BeeCounter-asm.txt as a basis and it is best to change only a few lines at a time to see what effect is created. You will also need a 6 pin to 5 pin connector that fits between the burner and the project. This is also available on Talking Electronics website.
As we said before, this project is for medium-to-advanced programmers as it is very compact and does not have in-circuit programming pins.
To be able to modify the chip you will need a programming socket and this can be obtained from one of our other projects that contains the 5 pins for in-circuit programming. Or you can build a programming socket by adding a socket to a surface-mount PC board and solder 5 pins to one edge and connect the socket to the pins.
You can then put the chip into the socket and program it.

PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
There are a number of kits, programs and courses on the market that claim and suggest they teach PIC Programming.
Most of these modules and courses use a PIC microcontroller as the chip carrying out the processes, but the actual programming is done by a proprietary language invented by the designer of the course.
Although these courses are wonderful to get you into "Programming Microcontrollers" they do not use any of the terms or codes that apply to the PIC microcontroller family.
All our projects use the 33 instructions that come with the PIC Microcontroller and these are very easy to learn.
We use the full capability of the micro and our pre-programmed chip is less than the cost of doing it any other way.
In addition, anything designed via our method can be instantly transferred to a PIC die and mass produced. And we use all the input pins and all the memory of the chip. The other approaches use less than 25% of the capability of the memory and one of the pins is not available.
In fact it would be difficult to reproduce this project via any of the opposition methods. It would require a larger chip and more expense. 
You can use our method or the opposition. Just be aware that the two are not interchangeable.
Ours is classified as the lowest "form" (level) of programming - commonly called machine code - invented in the early days of microprocessors - and now called mnemonic programming as each line of code is made up of letters of a set of words. The opposition uses a higher level language where one instruction can carry out an operation similar to a sub-routine.
But you have to learn the "higher level language" in order to create a program. And this requires a fair amount of skill and capability.  
It sounds great and it is a good idea. But if you want to learn PIC programming, it does not assist you. It is "a step removed" from learning PIC language. The other disadvantage of the opposition is the "overhead." The 1,000 spaces allocated for your program is filled with pre-written sub-routines. You may require only 10 of these sub-routines but ALL of them are loaded in the memory space. And they take up all the memory.
You have no room for your own program.
To get around this the opposition uses the 128 bytes in EEPROM to deliver instructions on how to apply the sub-routines. This provides about 30 powerful instructions using their language called BASIC (or a similar language). 
It's a bit like selling a diary filled with all the paragraphs you need to express yourself, and leaving a few blank pages at the back for you to write single lines such as: see page 24, paragraph 7, see page 63 paragraph 4, to create your diary entries.
It depends on how much you want to be in charge of writing a program. Using our method is like writing your own auto-biography. Using the opposition is like getting a "ghost writer."
When using a higher level language to create a program, you have absolutely no idea how the code is generated for the micro.
In some of the developmental kits, the code is "locked away" and you are NEVER able to access it.
Everything runs smoothly until a fault appears. With our method you can see the code. With the other methods, you cannot see the code - it's like doing key-hole surgery without the advantage of an illuminated endoscope to see what you are doing.
Everything has its place and our method of hand-assembly is only suitable for very small micros and you will eventually need to "learn a high level language."   The PIC12F629 has over 1,000 locations for code and this equates to more than 20 pages when printed, so this is about the limit to doing things by hand.
But our drive is to show how much can be done with the simplest devices on the market, at the lowest cost.
Anyone can show you high-technology at a high price but this is not where you start and this is not where you get enthusiasm.
We provide the things to get you started. That's the difference.

The PROGRAM
The program starts in a loop to detect when the left IR detector is interrupted. It then goes to a second loop to detect when the right IR detector is interrupted. When an IR detector is interrupted, the output goes HIGH. The sensitivity can be adjusted by moving the IR LED closer to the receiver. A 10k pot is also included to adjust the sensitivity.
When the right IR detector is interrupted, a "count file" is incremented and a 10mS output is produced via a PNP transistor. A 100R on the output protects the transistor from any short-circuits.
A LED indicates the output has been sent.
The project keeps a tally of the number of "cycles" and this can be "read" by pressing the switch.
The count is recorded by listening to low-pitched beeps to represent 10's and high-pitched beeps to represent 1's.


Here are the files you will need:
BeeCounter.asm
BeeCounter-asm.txt
BeeCounter.hex

 
	
;*************************************************************
;;Bee Counter.asm       
;*************************************************************
;Left IR detects then increments count on right-side detection
;   12F629.asm
;  8-1-2012 

	list	p=12F629
	radix	dec
	include	"p12f629.inc"
	
	errorlevel -302	; Don't complain about BANK 1 registers 

	__CONFIG _MCLRE_OFF & _CP_OFF 
           & _WDT_OFF & _INTRC_OSC_NOCLKOUT  ;Internal osc.


temp1	  equ 20h	;
temp2	  equ 21h	;
temp3	  equ 22h	;
units	  equ	23h	; 
tens	  equ	24h	;
del_x     equ	28h
del_y     equ	29h
tempunits   equ	2Ah
temptens    equ	2Bh

;****************************************************************
;Equates
;****************************************************************
status	equ	0x03
rp1	equ	0x06
rp0	equ	0x05
GPIO 	equ     0x05
			



status		equ 03h
option_reg	equ 81h


	; bits on GPIO
				
pin7	equ	0	;GP0  left IR detector - input
pin6	equ	1	;GP1  goes low to produce HIGH signal - output
pin5	equ	2	;GP2  Sw input  sends count to beeper - input
pin4	equ	3	;GP3  right IR detector - input
pin3	equ	4	;GP4  beeper  - output
pin2	equ	5	;GP5     
 

	;bits
				
rp0	equ	5	;bit 5 of the status register



;****************************************************************
;Beginning of program
;****************************************************************
Start	org	0x00	;reset vector address
	nop
	nop
	nop
	nop	;NOPs to get past reset vector address
	nop
	nop     ;set up to allow counting from external oscillator

SetUp	bsf	status, rp0 	;Bank 1			
       	movlw	b'11001001'	;Set TRIS  
	movwf	TRISIO	   		
	bcf	status, rp0	;bank 0  
	movlw   07h         	;Set up W to turn off Comparator ports
        movwf   CMCON       	;must be placed in bank 0  
	clrf 	GPIO       	;Clear GPIO of junk		
	clrf	flags	
	clrf	units	    	;initialise count = 0
	clrf	tens     	;initialise count = 0
	goto 	Main	



;****************************************************************
;* Delays 
;****************************************************************

			
		
_10mS	movlw	0Ah
	movwf	temp2
D_a	nop
	decfsz  temp1,1
	goto    D_a
	decfsz temp2,1
	goto    D_a	
	retlw   00
		

	;Delay 0.25 sec

D_250mS	movlw 	01h
	movwf 	temp3	
DelX	decfsz 	temp1,1	
	goto 	DelX	
	decfsz 	temp2,1		
	goto 	DelX
	decfsz 	temp3,1
	goto 	DelX
	retlw 	00

;****************************
;* Sub-routines		*
;****************************

    ;output produces long beeps for tens 
    ;and short beeps for units to signify count.

output	movf	units,0
	movwf   tempunits
	movf	tens,0
	movwf   temptens
	movf	temptens,1   ;check for zero
	btfsc	status,2	;zero flag Will be set if file is zero
	goto    $+4		
	call    tensbeep
	decfsz	temptens,1
	goto	$-2		
	call	D_250mS	
	call	D_250mS	
	call	D_250mS	
	call	D_250mS	
	movf	tempunits,1   ;check for zero
	btfsc	status,2	;zero flag Will be set if file is zero
	retlw	00		
	call    unitsbeep
	decfsz	tempunits,1
	goto	$-2			
	retlw	00
		
		
	;produces "beep" to indicate bee has moved and outputs to output.
			
shortbeep	
	movlw	0ffh
	movwf	del_y
	movlw	.45
	movwf	del_x
	nop
	decfsz	del_x,1
	goto	$-2
	movlw	b'00010000'
	xorwf	gpio,1		;toggle GP4		
	decfsz	del_y,1
	goto	$-8
	call	D_250mS		
	retlw	00
		
		
		
	;short beep to indicate units
		
unitsbeep	
	movlw	80h
	movwf	del_y
	movlw	.45
	movwf	del_x
	nop
	decfsz	del_x,1
	goto	$-2
	movlw	b'00010000'
	xorwf	gpio,1		;toggle GP4		
	decfsz	del_y,1
	goto	$-8
	call	D_250mS
	call	D_250mS
	retlw	00			
		
			
leftbeep	
	movlw	80h
	movwf	del_y
	movlw	.45
	movwf	del_x
	nop
	decfsz	del_x,1
	goto	$-2
	movlw	b'00010000'
	xorwf	gpio,1		;toggle GP4		
	decfsz	del_y,1
	goto	$-8
	call	D_250mS
	call	D_250mS
	retlw	00	
		
		
		;long beep to indicate tens
		
tensbeep
	movlw	0ffh
	movwf	del_y
	movlw	0ffh
	movwf	del_x
	nop
	decfsz	del_x,1
	goto	$-2
	movlw	b'00010000'
	xorwf	gpio,1		;toggle GP4		
	decfsz	del_y,1
	goto	$-8
	call	D_250mS
	call	D_250mS	
	retlw	00		
				
		
rightbeep
	movlw	0ffh
	movwf	del_y
	movlw	0ffh
	movwf	del_x
	nop
	decfsz	del_x,1
	goto	$-2
	movlw	b'00010000'
	xorwf	gpio,1		;toggle GP4		
	decfsz	del_y,1
	goto	$-8
	call	D_250mS
	call	D_250mS	
	retlw	00	
	
		
Up	incf	units,1
	movlw	0Ah		;put 10 into w
	xorwf	units,0		;compare units file with 10
	btfss	status,2	;zero flag will be set if units is 10
	retlw	00
	clrf	units
	incf	tens,1
	movlw	0Ah		;put 10 into w
	xorwf	tens,0		;compare units file with 10
	btfss	status,2	;zero flag will be set if tens is 10
	retlw	00		
	clrf	tens
	retlw	00
		
			
;****************************************************************
;* Main 							*
;****************************************************************

	
Main	bsf	status, rp0 	;Bank 1			
       	movlw	b'11101101'	;switch and IR receivers GP0 GP2 GP3 
	movwf	TRISIO	   		
	bcf	status, rp0	;bank 0 
	bsf     GPIO,1		;turn off output LED
		
	call	D_250mS
	btfss	GPIO,2	        ;input will be LOW when sw pressed
	call    output
	nop		
	btfss	GPIO,0	        ;input will be HIGH when bee detected
	goto	$-5 		;Left IR not detecting
	call    leftbeep
	call	D_250mS
	btfss	GPIO,2	        ;input will be LOW when sw pressed
	call    output
	nop
	btfss	GPIO,3	        ;input will be HIGH when bee detected
	goto	$-5 		;right IR not detecting
	call    Up		;increment count
	call    rightbeep
	bcf		gpio,1
	call    _10mS
	bsf		gpio,1
	goto	$-18
		
	end		

 

Bee Counter
Parts List

Cost: au
$
20.00 plus postage
Kits are available

2   -  100R SM resistors
2  -  330R 
 SM resistors
2  -  1k  
 SM resistors
3  -  2k2 
 SM resistors
2  -  4k7 
 SM resistors
1  -  10k  
 SM resistor

2  -  10k mini trim pots

1  -  100n SM capacitor
2  -  1u SM electrolytics
2  -  10u  SM electrolytics

1  -  BC847  SM transistor
1  -  BC857  SM transistor
1  -  1N4004 SM diode
2  -  IR LEDs (supplied in kit)
2  -  IR transistors (supplied in kit)

1  -  3mm red LED
1  -  SPDT mini slide switch
1  -  mini tactile switch
1  -  8 pin IC socket 
1  -  PIC12F629 chip (Bee routine)
1  -  piezo diaphragm
1  -  10mH choke
5  -  machine pins for in-circuit-programming
1  -  4 AAA cell battery holder
1  -  30cm fine enamelled wire
3m fine screened lead
20cm very fine solder 
1  -  Experimenter PC board

 9/1/2012